We explain what clean energies are, why they are important and what they are. Also, examples and what polluting energies are.
What are clean energies?
Clean energies or green energies are known as those forms of obtaining energy that produce minimal or no ecological impact on the environment during their extraction and generation processes. That is, these are ecological or eco-friendly energies.
In practice, there is still no way to obtain usable energy that is absolutely harmless in environmental terms. However, some pollute much more than others and leave an indelible mark of their presence on the ecosystem and on the health of living beings. Those that seem to be safer and more reliable in ecological terms are the ones we consider clean.
Although they are often mistakenly used as synonyms, clean energy should not be confused with renewable or sustainable energy. The latter are understood as those that do not exhaust the raw material of their process or that do so so slowly that nature is given room to replenish it. Some of these renewable energies can be clean because they minimally pollute the environment, but not all clean energies necessarily come from renewable sources.
In particular, clean energy usually use the strength and heat of natural elements using them as a channel to generate usable electricity in human homes and industries. And they do so causing the minimum possible impact on their respective ecosystems, which does not mean that they do not have any negative impact.
Importance of clean energies
Climate change and global warming are phenomena that have begun to take shape since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (17th century). Today there is an urgent need to develop and implement an efficient but sustainable energy production system and that it doesn't destroy the planet in the process.
Our world requires more and more energy every day, but Fossil fuels and nuclear energy represent a threat rather than a solution given its consequences on human health and the world's climate balance. In this context, clean energies become tremendously necessary.
What are clean energies?
The clean energies that are most used today are related to the main four elements present in nature: air (wind, wind energy), water (hydraulic/hydroelectric energy), fire (sun, solar energy), and the earth (geothermal energy).
- Wind energy. It is generated by taking advantage of the passage of wind through wind turbines, which are capable of transforming the movement of air into electrical energy. When the air passes with force over the blades of special windmills, they are activated by turning gears and a dynamo, thus generating electric current. Despite being one of the least expensive clean energies, wind energy has some ecological disadvantages: it requires extensive fields of windmills to generate a relatively small current load, thus disfiguring the landscape and sometimes generating annoying noise. Furthermore, the impact of mills and turbines on the environment is still uncertain.
- Hydraulic/hydroelectric power. It is based on the production of energy thanks to water, taking advantage of the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy of large masses of water in motion, such as rivers or natural falls (jumps, waterfalls, waterfalls, etc.) through a system of turbines. mobilized by the liquid in its path. This type of energy has been used for centuries, first on a small scale with water mills, and currently on a larger scale in hydroelectric plants.
Although it is a safe and constant source of energy at a relatively cheap price (the costs of the initial investment that must be made are offset in the future), this source of energy also has some disadvantages: the construction of dams generates alterations in the natural course of rivers, changing currents and water temperature, which considerably affects the ecosystem, including aquatic fauna and flora. In addition, flooding can sometimes occur due to modifications made to the land during construction. - Solar energy It is based on the use of solar radiation, through specialized technologies that allow photons from the sun to be captured and transformed into electrical energy. There are three main ways in which solar energy can be used: using photovoltaic panels (which take light and convert it into electricity), using solar collectors (which allow solar energy to be captured and used to produce thermal energy, that is, to heat devices that are powered by this source) and using concentrated solar power plants (which carry out an indirect conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, based on a thermodynamic cycle).
Solar energy is a good alternative as it is inexhaustible and also clean. However, it also has its disadvantages. Firstly, the cost of solar panels is still very high compared to other forms of energy available. But also, with current technology it is not possible to capture solar radiation at night or when the sky is very cloudy. - Geothermal energy It is obtained by taking advantage of the heat from the Earth's interior (where the pressure and temperature are high), to boil water and power the turbines of a generator with steam, or redirect the heat of the gas to give it other uses. It has the disadvantage of requiring thermal deposits or geysers, that is, a minimum of volcanic activity (so it cannot be used in any region), and sometimes geothermal activity has been linked to microseisms. Furthermore, the costs for exploiting and obtaining this type of energy are high.
Examples of clean energies
Some examples of these energies are:
- The Rawson wind farm. Located in Chubut (Argentine Patagonia, where the continuous wind that sweeps the plain is used), it is the largest wind farm in Argentina and is among the most important in Latin America.
- The Guri reservoir Located in the Bolívar state of Venezuela, it is the second largest lake body in the South American nation, where the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Power Plant is installed, which provides electricity to almost the entire country.
- Tidal power station on the Rance River Located in the estuary of the Rance River (in Brittany, France) it is the largest in Europe and the second largest in the world. It is capable of satisfying 9% of the region's energy needs from its 24 turbines.
- Villanueva solar plant Located in Coahuila, Mexico, it is the largest photovoltaic plant in Latin America and has 2,300,000 panels that move throughout the day from east to west following the sun.
- The Nesjavellir geothermal power plant. Located in Iceland, it is the second largest in the country and provides electricity and hot water to the capital district.
Polluting energies
Polluting or dirty energies are those that, during their production, distribution and consumption process, have high environmental costs and causing considerable environmental damage. These energies can have devastating consequences for human and animal life, and for the planet's climate balance. They are usually obtained from the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, gas and oil), although there are also others that are based on other sources, such as nuclear energy.
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