We explain and summarize the history of television and how it evolved. In addition, what are its characteristics and its golden era.
How was the history of television?
The history of television covers the series of scientific discoveries, Technological advances and industrial bets that resulted in television. It includes innovations in the design, conception, manufacture and distribution of televisions. It also involved the development of television programming stations that feed them with programming until today.
This technology It has been incorporated into our homesHowever, few know that a TV operates as A wire -sent information terminal, satellite or hertzian waveswhich provides a specific pattern of light points that are displayed on the screen (the pixels). This generates an image and a sense of movement, accompanied by a synchronized sound sequence.
See also: Cellular History
Television history
In order for the first steps on television, the following technological findings should first be achieved:
- Photography and cinema. The first successes to conserve the images and put them in motion were achieved during the nineteenth century, when the photographic technique achieved its first daguerreotypes and photographs of long exposure to light, using techniques that were modernized until allowing, at the end of the century, that the first moving images will be captured and reproduced: a long series of photographs that follow each other at a constant speed, giving the impression of the movement. Thus the cinema was born.
- The phone. The ability to transmit the human voice encoded in electrical impulses was the foundation for the appearance of the phone, invented in 1854 by Antonio Meucci but popularized by Alexander Graham Bell after 1876.
- The radio. The transmission of electromagnetic waves through the manipulation of the electric and magnetic fields was possible at the end of the 19th century thanks to the experiences and theories of Maxwell, Hertz, Tesla and Marconi. This allowed the development of a wireless telegraph, which taking advantage of the advances of Bell laboratories regarding telephony, produced the first radio devices.
TV origin
The history of television Start with the invention of the Nipkow album in 1884: An apparatus that consisted of a metallic disk and a light source, which served to project the light projected by objects on selenium sheets.
It was a first I try to capture moving imagesalthough it failed to take effect effectively. But it served for the development of the first television systems at the beginning of the 20th century.
The first successful television experience occurred in 1925When the Scotsman John Logie Baird managed to synchronize two Nipkow albums, united to the same axis. Using one as a transmitter and another as a receiver, he effectively transmitted the image of the head of a dummy to 14 paintings per second.
The experience It was replicated before the Royal Institution from London in 1926. In 1927 Baird managed to transmit the same image over 438 miles, using a telephone cable. In 1928 he did it again, this time from London to New York, through Hertzian waves.
This technology was used in the first television broadcasts. The name that had already begun to appear since the beginning of the twentieth century, when Russian scientist Constantin Perskyi proposed it during the First International Electricity Congress.
Television evolution
The first marketable television apparatus was created in 1926It was the work of the Scottish Baird and consisted of a mechanical device. This format was marketed between 1928 and 1934 in the United States, the United Kingdom and the USSR.
It was radios that had a neon tube behind a Nipkow albumwhich produced an image of the size of a stamp, magnified by a lens twice its size. Since 1929, 240 line mechanical scan, which substantially improved the performance of the device.
In 1931 Vladimir Zvorykin invented the iconoscope in the laboratories of the RCA. It was an electronic tube that allowed to replace all other television systems, thanks to an electronic mosaic composed of thousands of independent photoelectric cells in three thin layers. This advance revolutionized the industry and allowed the appearance of electric television.
Subsequently, In 1934 the cathode ray tubes system appeared (CRT), which reached better resolutions and speeds. This was Telefunken in Germany, and soon had versions in the main world powers. Before World War II some 19,000 devices had been sold in the United Kingdom and about 1,600 in Germany.
The first television broadcast
The first television broadcast was made by Baird himself in his laboratory, but it was barely for promotional or demonstrative purposes. In 1927 the BBC produced the first programming emissionswhich was not broadcast on a regular schedule. In 1930 the first simultaneous audio transmission and black and white image was made.
In 1931 the first television station was created in Germanyat Manfred von Ardenne. In 1932 regular emissions began in Paris, although the image quality did not exceed 60 lines and was in black and white.
To receive the first television broadcasts with scheduled programming, it would be necessary to wait until 1936 in England, OA 1939 in the United States. The first regular electronic TV transmissions occurred in 1937 In France and England.
The golden era of television
In the mid -twentieth century there was the golden era of this medium, when it began to spread throughout the world and various issuance stations emerged in each of the countries in the world. In 1953, Eurovision was created to connect the stations of European countries via microwave, and in 1960 world was created, in an attempt to do the same on a global scale.
In this period TV arrived in Latin America and became extremely popular. Consequently, the first national stations of each country were founded and those who would later be great private television consortia, such as Televisa, were later.
Color television
Although colored transmission had been experiencing from the beginning, using colored filters to dye the images, it was not possible to have colored television until much later. The first step took place in 1940: the Mexican Guillermo González Camarena a sequential trichromatic system.
Eight years later, the American Peter Goldmark used that system to develop a similar other. This is how In 1948 the sequential system of Campos was bornwhich was successful and was used by the Columbia Broadcasting System.
However, it took a long time to adapt this system to work on the millions of monochrome televisions already sold, which took its first steps in 1950. The adaptation of color televisions was completed in the 1970salthough there were still monochrome televisions for a long time.
Consequences of its popularity
This technology quickly conquered the homes of the world, moving largely to the radio as a favorite means to inform or around which to gather the family.
The result was an important gain in news immediacy and a greater burden of power and responsibility in the media. From then on they had a very intimate reach in homes, and the TV became one of the main appliances.
Satellite television
The development of space technology and satellites allowed a global turnover to television. The use of satellites for The reception and sending of television broadcasts via microwave It facilitated its distribution, making it more agile, fast and effective throughout large geographical areas.
This too allowed access to foreign programming through pay subscriptions. They required the installation of parabolic antennas in the roof of the buildings: bulky and dangerous artifacts that were quickly replaced by smaller and local variants, installed in the windows of the departments.
Digital television
From the 1980s, television begins to take its first steps towards digitalization, pushed by the digital revolution that the appearance of computers supposed. This technology allowed greater data transmission capacitybetter resolution and the use of all the processing power of the computerized world.
Digitization was applied to both video and transmission production, both by satellite, cable and terrestrial radiofrequency. At the moment, TV can be seen on computers equipped for it and through Internet platforms, such as YouTubeboth live and deferred.
The future of television
The future of television is uncertain, but in many ways Point to Internet and Web 3.0. The replacement of televisions with computer screens is a trend in progress, so it is possible to assume that television will reinvent according to the most personal, more interactive consumption mode and conditioned by artificial intelligence.
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References
- The history of television (video) at https://www.youtube.com/
- Television Broadcasting, History of At https://www.encycypedia.com/
