We tell you the history of the car and the causes that promoted its creation. In addition, how it evolved and the beginning of the car industry.
The history of the car
Also called a car, car or car, the car is a land vehicle and is One of the most successful inventions of the human being. The history of the car involves the series of events, innovations and scientific-technological knowledge and its evolution continues until today.
The engines went from steam to work by oil combustion. There are even electric motors that compete with the efficiency of a fuel engine.
The word car comes from the Greek and Latin: the word AUGUST which means “by itself” and the word Mobilis which means “that moves”.
See also: Second Industrial Revolution
Automobile history
The development of the automobile would not have been possible without the technological and industrial advances that the industrial revolution entailed. Among them, for example, The steam engine, whose maximum developer was the British James Wattand that allowed the invention of trains and, at the same time, the first automobile attempts.
Other indispensable technologies for the appearance of the car had to do with electricity. This phenomenon was known from yesteryear but generated and used in modern terms since the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Thanks to the research of scientists such as GrammeTesla, Sprague, Graham Bell, among others.
Finally, The knowledge of fuels was necessaryespecially the internal combustion engine. In the mid -nineteenth century, when oil exploitation began in the world and met with the energy potential of this fossil substance, it was developed in its fullness.
Why was the car created?
The car responded to the desire to transport materials or passengers throughout great distances and, also, at greater speeds. Previously There were carts lying by robust animalswhat is known as “blood traction.” This transport had the inconvenience of the physical limitations of the animal.
The mechanization promoted by the Industrial Revolution made possible the creation of a machine with greater capacity and speed of transfer, that does not get tired and can be manufactured in series: the car.
Origin of the car
The invention of the car comprises different stages:
- Steam motor stage. It was prior to the invention of the car, at the end of the 18th century, and its invention allowed developing the first prototypes in the mid -1800s.
- Fuel motor stage. It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century and allowed to develop a car with internal combustion engine based on gasoline, and from 1900 it became popular in the automotive industry.
- Electric motor stage. It was at the end of the 19th century. Despite the advantages of the electric motor that was Silent and light, it failed to expand in the automotive industry due to the rapid discharge of electric cells or batteries and the difficulty of recharging.
What is currently known as a car (a vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine and with electrical components) is accepted that The first copy in history was developed in Germanyby different engineers independently:
- 1885. Karl Benz designed his first model, called Benz Patent-Motorwagen In Mannheim. His wife traveled in 1888 about 80 kilometers to the city of Profzheim, as a way of demonstrating her husband’s invention, which had been patented in 1886.
- 1889. Gottlieb Daimler and Willhelm Maybach designed their own automobile model in Stuttgart, independently. However, Benz’s machine is considered as the formal starting point of the car.
Steam motor stage
The initial stage in the history of the car began with a steam engine. Around 1770, French inventor Nicolas-Joseph Cognot created a vehicle that took advantage of the steam machine technology, with A two -cylinder vertical and 50 liter displacement engine.
With his second and improved prototype he managed to reach speeds of 4 km/h. However, He had the first car accident in history When losing control of the device and hitting a wall.
In 1771, Cugnot built a third version, which is still preserved, and that served as inspiration William Murdoch, who built a similar steam car in 1784and Richard Trevithick, who did the same in 1801. These first vehicles allowed to invent the handbrake, speeds and the steering wheel, but they had the inconvenience of having to keep their boiler warm.
Motor stage to fuel
The first tests with the oil for petroleum combustion were performed in the early nineteenth century, with relative success. Motor boats and models followed from 1807. In 1860 the Belgian Etienne Lenoir successfully drove a vehicle with internal combustion engine, propelled by coal gas.
Lenoir’s car mixed air and fuel and used an electric ignitionin a two -stroke engine. That first model served Nikolaus Otto in 1876 to build and patent a four -stroke engine.
Based on that second model, Siegfried Marcus created Marcus’s first “car”with an internal combustion engine based on gasoline, equipped with a low voltage ignition system that patented in 1883.
The next step was the German Karl Benz with his first patented cars in 1886event that is considered the formal beginning of the history of the modern car. From 1900 the construction of these cars were already a common fact in France and the United States. The bases were sitting for the beginning of the automotive industry.
Electric motor stage
Between 1832 and 1839, Robert Anderson invented the first electric vehiclewhich was propelled by non -rechargeable electric cells. At that same time, similar devices, the result of US engineers and others presented at the International Electricity Exhibition in Paris circulated.
It was valued that It was quieter and less heavy than steam machinesbut there was no way at that time to solve the dilemma of the gradual discharge of electric cells. However, the “Car Camille Jenatzy” 1889 reached the speed of 105 km/h, a record for that time.
Start of the car industry
The first automobile construction companies emerged at the end of the 19th century: the French Panhard et of 1889 and Peugeot of 1891. Although France has been the pioneer in the invention of the car, The United States gave the car industry its maximum potentialthanks to Henry Ford’s ideas.
Ford created the “T” modelswhich were produced in 1908 in large quantities, thanks to the application of assembly chains, an innovative system that since then settled in the heart of human industries, the so -called “Fordism.”
Henry Ford, Henry Royce and Ettore Bugatti are considered the innovators of the automotive industry, responsible for their world growth, expansion and fame, in which the “golden age” of motor racing was called.
At that time Ford also competed with Oldsmobile and Cadillacwhich later merged in general Motors, founded by William C. Durant in 1908. The Dodge Brothers marked their presence since 1914, and anticipated the birth in 1925 of Chrysler.
Shortly after, in Germany of 1926, Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft companies merged from Stuttgartmanufacturer of the Mercedes, and Benz & Cie, in charge of Benz cars. This is how the legendary Mercedes-Benz emerged.
Importance of the competition car
One of the aspects that most pushed the automotive industry forward was the car competition, the sports linked to the car. Speed and security contests They started very early, in 1894.
In 1895 the first great automobile career was givenfrom Paris to Bordeaux and back, between June 11 and 13. The winner was Émile Camsor with a panhard et
This type of competitions He gave enormous visibility to the car and the industry behind himalthough there was no lack of accidents that put in danger that they also entailed.
Automobile future
The future of the car is uncertain. There does not seem to a new car model that drastically replaces existing ones. However, a radical change is necessary to cease to accelerate the consistent ecological crisis, among other causes, of the burning of fossil fuel that destroys ecosystem and contributes to climate change. In addition, fossil fuels are a non -renewable energy source.
The response of a change by the industry and governments of the different countries of the world, is still scarce. Meanwhile, several companies invest in research and tests to develop electric cars efficient, such as those created by Tesla Motors Inc.
Timeline in the history of the car
- 1885. Benz invents the first car with combustion motor.
- 1890. The Peugeot Type 2 prototype is announced.
- 1893. Benz Victoria, first racing car is marketed.
- 1898. The first car is built Renault.
- 1900. The marketing of cars in France and the US begins.
- 1910. The factory is inaugurated Highland Parkin Detroit Ee. Uu., of Ford Motor Company.
- 1920. The first sedan car appears.
- 1928. Debuts Plymouth as the average price car.
- 1964. Ford conquers the market with its cars Mustang.
- 1990. Japanese brands flood the western market.
- 2000. Sling announces in the US Insighta hybrid gasoline-electricity.
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References
- Automobile history: yesterday to today (video) at https://www.youtube.com/
- Inventions that changed the history of the car at https://www.muyinteresante.es/
- History of the Automobile at https://www.britannica.com/
- How was Cars invent? History of the Automobile (video) at https://www.youtube.com/
