Chronology of World War I

We explain what World War I and the main events in chronological order was. In addition, its background and consequences.

World War I broke out after the heir murder to the Austrohungal throne.
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What was World War I?

World War I was A military conflict that faced allied or entente countries (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Belgium, Italy and the United States) with the central empires (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey) .

World War I began in July 1914 after the murder of Archduke Francisco Fernando, heir to the throne of the Austro -Hungarian Empire, perpetrated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. The Austro -Hungarian Empire declared the war to Serbia on July 28 and, the first days of August, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany and Belgium were already involved in a European conflict that soon affected a European conflict. To all continents.

The war concluded in November 1918 with the victory of the allies of the entrance and La Paz was sealed with a series of treaties (such as the Treaty of Versailles of 1919) that had particularly hard conditions for the defeated, especially for Germany.

World War I infographic

Frequent questions

What was World War I?

It was one of the most important and devastating military clashes in history. It happened in Europe between 1914 and 1918, but had a worldwide reach for the number of countries involved.

What countries faced in World War I?

Two blocks or groups of countries faced:

  • The entertainment. Headed by France, Kingdom Unido and Russia, to whom Italy (1915) and the United States (1917) joined.
  • The triple alliance. Mainly integrated by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Türkiye.

Why was World War I unleashed?

It was a confrontation that exploded after the murder of Archduke Francisco Fernando, heir to the Austrohungal throne, but that arose following the conflicts of interest between the European imperialist powers, especially by the dispute of the colonized territories.

  • See also: World War I alliances

Chronology of World War I

World War First Timeline

The background of World War I (1879-1914)

1879

  • The German Empire and the Austro -Hungarian Empire establish an alliance.

1882

  • The Kingdom of Italy joins the alliance between the German and Austrohungal empires: the triple alliance or Triplicice is born.

1890

  • Otto von Bismarck resigns as German chancellor.

1893

  • The Franco-Rusa alliance is created.

1898

  • The Fachoda incident between France and the United Kingdom is produced: a French expedition (which builds a west-east communication path) in Africa runs into a British expedition in Sudan (which builds a north-south road). Finally, the French withdraw from the area.

1904

  • The cordiale entent is formed, an agreement between the United Kingdom and France for the mutual recognition of colonial interests.

1905-1906

  • The first Moroccan crisis occurs, when the Kaiser Guillermo II of Germany visits Tangier (Morocco) and offers support to the Sultan against the French influence, while the United Kingdom supports the French presence.

1906

  • The Algeciras Conference is held in Spain, which seeks to solve the Moroccan crisis. France and Spain are recognized the control of Morocco (which, since 1912, will be a French protectorate in the south and a Spanish protectorate in the north). Germany is isolated from the region.

1907

  • The Anglo-Rusa entente is signed and the triple entente (United Kingdom, France, Russia) is formed.

1908

  • Bosnian Austrian annexation occurs.

1911

  • The incident of Agadir in Morocco (the sending of a German cannon ship in the context of a revolt) causes the second Moroccan crisis. An agreement is signed by which Germany leaves its claims in Morocco in exchange for a portion of the Congo that was in French hands.

1912-1913

  • Balcanic Wars: The Ottoman Empire loses most of its territories in Europe and Balkan kingdoms dispute the region.

1914

  • June 28. Attentive of Sarajevo (Bosnia): The Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip murders to the archduke of Austria, Francisco Fernando, and his wife.
  • July 23. The Austro -Hungarian government sends an ultimatum to the Government of Serbia, which is responsible for the attack of Sarajevo.
  • July 28 . Austria-Hungary declares war to Serbia.
  • July 30 . The general mobilization of troops in Russia occurs.
  • August 1 . Germany declares war to Russia. General mobilization in France occurs.
  • August 3 . Germany declares war to France.
  • August 4. Germany invades Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war to Germany.

World War I (1914-1918)

1914

  • Julio-August. Start of hostilities. Germany attacks France through Belgium, applying the Schlieffen plan.
  • August . German Victoria de Tannenberg on the Russian Front. Japan adheres to the entente.
  • September . The French slow the German attack in the Marne. The “Trenches War” begins.
  • October . Türkiye adds to the central empires.

1915

  • April . The Germans use toxic gases for the first time. Italy binds to the entente (Treaty of London). The frustrated landing of British, French, Australian and Neozelands in Galipoli (Türkiye) begins.
  • October . Bulgaria enters the war with the central empires.

1916

  • Verdún Battles (February to December) and the Somme (July to November) on the Western Front occur. After the Naval Battle of Jutlandia (May 31 to June 1), Germany begins the underwater war. Romania enters the war next to the entente in August but is soon defeated.

1917

  • March. A revolution overthrows the Tsar of Russia and establishes a provisional government. In the Middle East, the British capture Baghdad.
  • April . The United States enters the war.
  • October-November. The Italians are defeated in Caporetto.
  • November . The Bolshevik revolution triumphs in Russia.
  • December. The Bolshevik Russia signs the armistice with the central empires. In the Middle East, the British capture Jerusalem.

1918

  • January . Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States, pronounces the speech of fourteen points (a proposal to complete war and generate conditions for future peace).
  • March . Russia and the central empires sign the Brest-Litovsk treaty.
  • July-September. Allied counteroffensive on the western front. Bulgaria signs the armistice on September 29 in Salonica.
  • October. Italian victory in Vittorio Veneto. On October 30, Türkiye signs the armistice in Moudros.
  • November 3. Austria-Hungary signs the armistice in Villa Giusti. In Germany, a revolution overthrows the Kaiser and proclaims the Republic.
  • November 11 . Germany signs the armistice in retoles. The war is over.

Postwar peace treaties (1919-1920)

1919

  • January . The Peace Conference begins in Paris.
  • June . Treaty of Versailles with Germany.
  • September . Treaty of Saint-Germain with Austria.
  • November . Neuilly treaty with Bulgaria.

1920

  • June. Trianon Treaty with Hungary.
  • August . Treaty of Sèvres with Türkiye, subsequently modified by the Treaty of Lausana (1923).

Continue with:

  • World War I
  • PERIOD OF DELIVERY
  • Chronology of the interwar period
  • Decolonization in the twentieth century
  • Imperialism

References

  • Hastings, M. (2013). 1914. The year of the catastrophe. Criticism.
  • Showalter, from & Royde-Smith, JG (2022). World War I. Britannica Encyclopedia. https://www.britannica.com/
  • Stone, N. (2013). Brief History of World War I. Ariel.

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