We explain what the Roman monarchy, the dynasties and the kings that were part. In addition, its economic, social and more organization.
What was the Roman monarchy?
The Roman monarchy was The first of the three stages in which the development of the Government of Antigua Rome was divided. During the monarchical period, between 753 a. C. and 509 a. C., governed seven kings.
The seven monarchs of Rome stood out for using a great military force that allowed them to occupy more territories and expand their empire. In addition, through strategic alliances with nearby populations they could increase the number of troops.
The monarchy declined and was supplanted by the second stage, the Republic of Rome, which took place between 264 and 146 a. C. was considered the most significant period because managed to strengthen Rome as a dominant power.
The third and last stage was the high empire that took place between 27 a. C. and 476 d. C. It was characterized by an autocratic government who decided without taking into account laws or powers that regulate it.
See also: Roman civilization
Roman monarchy dynasties
The Roman dynasty He ruled for 244 years and was made up of seven monarchs. The first was Romulo, who founded the city of Rome. The rest of the six kings were chosen by the Senate on behalf of the people, and not by the blood lineage.
The seven kings of the Roman monarchy were:
- Romulus. He ruled between 753 and 716 a. C. was the monarch that founded the city of Rome and implemented the monarchical government system. He made great atrocities for the desire to populate his territory, summoning various peoples and groups, such as slaves, fugitives and refugees, through deception and force.
- Numa Pompilio. He ruled between 716 and 674 a. C. was a monarch who was interested in legal, religious institutions and that managed to instruct the population to worship their gods. He made adjustments in the calendar raised by Romulo, such as adding the months of January and February. In addition, he built the Jano temple.
- Tulio Hostilio. He ruled between 674 and 642 AC was a warrior in the style of Romulus and moved away from the doctrine and cult of the gods who had fostered his predecessor, Numa Pompilio. His eagerness in the art of war, especially against the Albanians (Sabinos), made Rome become the first power of the region.
- Anco Marcio. He ruled between 642 and 617 a. C. was a religious and thinker monarch who knew how to foster trade with neighboring peoples. He built prisons, walls, bridges and the port of Ostia on the Tiber River that allowed Rome to become a merchandise exchange center.
- Tarquinio Prisco. He ruled between 617 and 578 a. C. was the first king of Etruscan origin and managed to win numerous wars that allowed him to expand the Roman territory. He introduced Etruscan art and religion in Roman culture, so that period is considered as the most enlightened of the monarchical stage. In addition, he built a sewerage network, the Roman Forum, the maximum circus and the foundations of the Jupiter temple.
- Servio Tulio. He ruled between 578 and 534 a. C. was one of the monarchs most appreciated by the population, among other issues, because it developed a new constitution that recognized the distinction between social classes according to their level of wealth. He carried out the first census in history and the right to vote was established according to economic wealth, so power remained reserved for an elite.
- Tarquino el Soberbio. He ruled between 534 and 509 a. C. was a monarch of Etruscan origin who exercised his power and control through violence and terror in an unprecedented way in the history of ancient Rome. He went crazy and executed several senators. His despotism was the reason why the monarchical system fell and there was no other king after his mandate. Among his important works he managed to finish the construction of the temple to Jupiter.
Political organization of the Roman monarchy
The political organization during the Roman monarchy was made up of three main sectors:
- The King. It was the highest authority that occupied the role of supreme priest, judge and military chief. The king was chosen by the Popular Assembly with the intervention of the Senate.
- The Popular Assembly. It was made up of citizens and was convened by the king to approve or reject the laws by unanimous acclamation. The call took place in the Capitol.
- The Senate. It was made up of three hundred elderly patricians parents who fulfilled the function of advising the king and presenting the candidates for succession to the throne. It consisted of a life position, that is, they occupied him throughout life.
Social organization of the Roman monarchy
The social organization during the monarchical period was divided into three well -differentiated groups:
- The patricians or free men. They formed the aristocratic class that had full rights of citizens, were descendants of the founders of Rome.
- The commoners. They formed the most numerous class composed of foreigners, libertos, vagrants and inhabitants of the cities were dedicated to agriculture, trade, industry and paid government taxes even though they were deprived of several rights.
- The slaves. They formed a private social class of their rights in full, to the point of being treated as objects. They were prisoners of war bought in the markets to be used in forced labor.
Economy during the Roman monarchy
The economy during the Roman monarchy He stood out for agricultural activitythe exchange system and community trade with neighboring peoples. They marketed merchandise of the most varied, such as cereals, metals, weapons and even slaves to work in agriculture.
Religion during the Roman monarchy
The Roman religion was polytheistic and formed an important part in the daily life of the population. They worshiped various divinities, but the most important was Jupiter, the king of the gods who together with his wife Juno, the goddess of heaven, ruled the rest of the deities. The priests were only in charge of the cult, they did not constitute a caste nor were they representatives of divinity such as kings.
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References:
- “Unbiased History: The Roman Monarchy” in Dovahhatty.
- “The Roman monarchy” in universal history.
- “The first successors of Romulus” in History of Rome.
- “The kings of ancient Rome: characteristics of their government” in history and biographies.
