Countries and Capitals of Europe

We show you which are the countries and capitals of Europe, with a complete list and maps. In addition, its regions and the member countries of the European Union.

What are the countries and capitals of Europe?

The determination of the number of countries in Europe depends on the geographical and political criteria used. As there is no defined continental boundary with Asia, there are criteria that include certain countries as part of Europe and others not. There are even countries like Türkiye, Russia or Azerbaijan that have territory on both continents.

In addition, there are States that have limited international recognition, so some lists include them as part of the countries of Europe and others do not. This is the case of the Vatican or Monaco, which are territories with special status.

A standard list of European nations is as follows:

Name	Capital	Population	Flag
Albania	Tyrant	2,874,000
Germany	Berlin	83,876,000
Andorra	Andorra La Vella	78,305
Armenia	Yerevan	2,990,000
Austria	Vienna	8,973,000
Azerbaijan	Baku	10,451,000
Belgium	Brussels	11,897,000
Belarus	Minsk	9,454,000
Bosnia – Herzegovina	Sarajevo	3,272,000
Bulgaria	Sofia	6,765,000
Cyprus	Nicosia	1,266,000
Croatia	Zagreb	4,055,000
Denmark	Copenhagen	5,885,000
Slovakia	Bratislava	5,474,000
Slovenia	Ljubljana	2,091,000
Spain	Madrid	46,333,000
Estonia	Tallinn	1,309,000
Finland	Helsinki	5,655,000
France	Paris	66,466,000
Georgia	Tbilisi	3,736,000
Greece	Athens	10,269,000
Hungary	Budapest	9,540,000
Iceland	Reykjavik	350,496
Italy	Rome	60,689,000
Ireland	Dublin	4,974,000
Latvia	Riga	1,802,000
Liechtenstein	Vaduz	39,152
Lithuania	Vilnius	2,555,000
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	681,555
North Macedonia	Skopje	2,082,000
Malta	Valletta	447,009
Moldova	Chisinau	4,025,000
Monaco	Monaco	38,901
Montenegro	Podgorica	631,334
Norway	Oslo	5,698,000
Netherlands	amsterdam	17,373,000
Poland	Warsaw	37,677,000
Portugal	Lisbon	10,016,000
United Kingdom	London	69,546,000
Czech Republic	Prague	10,730,000
Romania	Bucharest	18,656,000
Russia	Moscow	146,159,000
San Marino	San Marino	35,440
Serbia	Belgrade	8,582,000
Sweden	Stockholm	10,429,000
Swiss	Bern	9,059,000
Türkiye	Ankara	86,162,000
Ukraine	Kyiv	43,184,000
Vatican	Vatican	523

map of europe

European regions

The European continent is organized into five large regions, according to geographical, ethnic, political and cultural criteria. These regions are:

• Western Europe . It includes countries such as France, the United Kingdom, Spain or Portugal.
• Northern Europe . It includes countries such as Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Finland.
• Central Europe . It includes countries such as Germany, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.
• Southern Europe . It includes countries such as Italy, Greece, North Macedonia, Croatia and Montenegro.
• Eastern Europe . It includes countries such as Ukraine, Russia, Romania or Bulgaria.

Member countries of the European Union

Only 27 countries that are geographically located in Europe are part of the European Union . One of the most notable aspects of the European Union is the single market, which allows the free movement of goods, services, people and capital between member countries.

Besides, The European Union has adopted a common currency, the Euro which is used by the majority of the States that comprise it. However, some countries such as Poland or Denmark continue to use their local currency.

The member countries of the European Union are:

Eurasian countries

Eurasian countries are those that have territory in Europe and Asia, or that are located in regions where the delimitation between both continents is not entirely clear. The inclusion of a country in this category depends on how the division between Europe and Asia is defined, which varies according to different geographical, political, cultural and historical criteria.

A list of Eurasian countries is:

• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Cyprus
• Georgia
• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgyzstan
• Russia
• Türkiye

Most populated capitals in Europe

The capital cities with the largest population on the European continent are:

• Moscow (Russia) with 12,480,000 inhabitants.
• London (United Kingdom) with 9,200,000 inhabitants.
• Berlin (Germany) with 3,755,000 inhabitants.
• Madrid (Spain) with 3,334,000 inhabitants.
• kyiv (Ukraine) with 2,884,000 inhabitants.
• Rome (Italy) with 2,857,000 inhabitants.

Most spoken languages ​​in Europe

The languages ​​with the largest number of speakers on the European continent are:

• Russian . It is the most widespread language on the continent, with more than 140 million speakers. It is mainly used in Russia, but also in countries such as Belarus, Moldova or Latvia.
• German . It is spoken by more than 95 million people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
• French . It is spoken by more than 80 million people in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxembourg.
• Turkish . It is spoken by more than 75 million people in Türkiye, Macedonia and Cyprus.
• English . It is spoken by more than 70 million people in the United Kingdom of Great Britain. In addition, it is used as a second language by more than 40% of the European population.
• Italian . It is spoken by more than 60 million people in Italy, San Marino and the Vatican.
• Spanish . It is spoken by more than 45 million people in Spain.

References

• World Bank. (2024). Population, total. https://datos.bancomundial.org/
• Bohn, T. (2023). The 10 most spoken languages ​​in Europe. Babbel. https://es.babbel.com/
• Community of Madrid. (sf). What is the European Union? How does it work? What are you doing?. https://www.comunidad.madrid/
• Ferrando Castro, M. (2019). What is the main religion of each country in Europe? History Network. https://redhistoria.com/
• Publications Office of the European Union. (sf). Member States. EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/