We show you which are the countries and capitals of Europe, with a complete list and maps. In addition, its regions and the member countries of the European Union.
What are the countries and capitals of Europe?
The determination of the number of countries in Europe depends on the geographical and political criteria used. As there is no defined continental boundary with Asia, there are criteria that include certain countries as part of Europe and others not. There are even countries like Türkiye, Russia or Azerbaijan that have territory on both continents.
In addition, there are States that have limited international recognition, so some lists include them as part of the countries of Europe and others do not. This is the case of the Vatican or Monaco, which are territories with special status.
A standard list of European nations is as follows:
| Name | Capital | Population | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Tyrant | 2,874,000 |  |
| Germany | Berlin | 83,876,000 |  |
| Andorra | Andorra La Vella | 78,305 |  |
| Armenia | Yerevan | 2,990,000 |  |
| Austria | Vienna | 8,973,000 | 
|
| Azerbaijan | Baku | 10,451,000 |  |
| Belgium | Brussels | 11,897,000 |  |
| Belarus | Minsk | 9,454,000 |  |
| Bosnia – Herzegovina | Sarajevo | 3,272,000 |  |
| Bulgaria | Sofia | 6,765,000 | 
|
| Cyprus | Nicosia | 1,266,000 | 
|
| Croatia | Zagreb | 4,055,000 |  |
| Denmark | Copenhagen | 5,885,000 | 
|
| Slovakia | Bratislava | 5,474,000 |  |
| Slovenia | Ljubljana | 2,091,000 |  |
| Spain | Madrid | 46,333,000 | 
|
| Estonia | Tallinn | 1,309,000 |  |
| Finland | Helsinki | 5,655,000 |  |
| France | Paris | 66,466,000 |  |
| Georgia | Tbilisi | 3,736,000 | 
|
| Greece | Athens | 10,269,000 |  |
| Hungary | Budapest | 9,540,000 |  |
| Iceland | Reykjavik | 350,496 |  |
| Italy | Rome | 60,689,000 |  |
| Ireland | Dublin | 4,974,000 |  |
| Latvia | Riga | 1,802,000 |  |
| Liechtenstein | Vaduz | 39,152 |  |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | 2,555,000 |  |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg | 681,555 |  |
| North Macedonia | Skopje | 2,082,000 |  |
| Malta | Valletta | 447,009 |  |
| Moldova | Chisinau | 4,025,000 |  |
| Monaco | Monaco | 38,901 | 
|
| Montenegro | Podgorica | 631,334 |  |
| Norway | Oslo | 5,698,000 |  |
| Netherlands | amsterdam | 17,373,000 |  |
| Poland | Warsaw | 37,677,000 |  |
| Portugal | Lisbon | 10,016,000 |  |
| United Kingdom | London | 69,546,000 |  |
| Czech Republic | Prague | 10,730,000 |  |
| Romania | Bucharest | 18,656,000 |  |
| Russia | Moscow | 146,159,000 |  |
| San Marino | San Marino | 35,440 |  |
| Serbia | Belgrade | 8,582,000 | 
|
| Sweden | Stockholm | 10,429,000 |  |
| Swiss | Bern | 9,059,000 |  |
| Türkiye | Ankara | 86,162,000 |  |
| Ukraine | Kyiv | 43,184,000 |  |
| Vatican | Vatican | 523 |  |
map of europe
European regions
The European continent is organized into five large regions, according to geographical, ethnic, political and cultural criteria. These regions are:
- Western Europe. It includes countries such as France, the United Kingdom, Spain or Portugal.
- Northern Europe. It includes countries such as Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Finland.
- Central Europe. It includes countries such as Germany, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.
- Southern Europe. It includes countries such as Italy, Greece, North Macedonia, Croatia and Montenegro.
- Eastern Europe. It includes countries such as Ukraine, Russia, Romania or Bulgaria.
Member countries of the European Union
Only 27 countries that are geographically located in Europe are part of the European Union. One of the most notable aspects of the European Union is the single market, which allows the free movement of goods, services, people and capital between member countries.
Besides, The European Union has adopted a common currency, the Eurowhich is used by the majority of the States that comprise it. However, some countries such as Poland or Denmark continue to use their local currency.
The member countries of the European Union are:
| Germany | Spain | Lithuania |
| Austria | Estonia | Luxembourg |
| Belgium | Finland | Malta |
| Bulgaria | France | Netherlands |
| Cyprus | Greece | Poland |
| Croatia | Hungary | Portugal |
| Denmark | Ireland | Czech Republic |
| Slovakia | Italy | Romania |
| Slovenia | Latvia | Sweden |
Eurasian countries
A list of Eurasian countries is:
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Cyprus
- Georgia
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Russia
- Türkiye
Most populated capitals in Europe
The capital cities with the largest population on the European continent are:
- Moscow (Russia) with 12,480,000 inhabitants.
- London (United Kingdom) with 9,200,000 inhabitants.
- Berlin (Germany) with 3,755,000 inhabitants.
- Madrid (Spain) with 3,334,000 inhabitants.
- kyiv (Ukraine) with 2,884,000 inhabitants.
- Rome (Italy) with 2,857,000 inhabitants.
Most spoken languages in Europe
The languages with the largest number of speakers on the European continent are:
- Russian. It is the most widespread language on the continent, with more than 140 million speakers. It is mainly used in Russia, but also in countries such as Belarus, Moldova or Latvia.
- German. It is spoken by more than 95 million people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
- French. It is spoken by more than 80 million people in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxembourg.
- Turkish. It is spoken by more than 75 million people in Türkiye, Macedonia and Cyprus.
- English. It is spoken by more than 70 million people in the United Kingdom of Great Britain. In addition, it is used as a second language by more than 40% of the European population.
- Italian. It is spoken by more than 60 million people in Italy, San Marino and the Vatican.
- Spanish. It is spoken by more than 45 million people in Spain.
References
- World Bank. (2024). Population, total. https://datos.bancomundial.org/
- Bohn, T. (2023). The 10 most spoken languages in Europe. Babbel. https://es.babbel.com/
- Community of Madrid. (sf). What is the European Union? How does it work? What are you doing?. https://www.comunidad.madrid/
- Ferrando Castro, M. (2019). What is the main religion of each country in Europe? History Network. https://redhistoria.com/
- Publications Office of the European Union. (sf). Member States. EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/
